{"id":2163,"date":"2025-09-27T11:35:20","date_gmt":"2025-09-27T09:35:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.caregiving-tests.de\/?page_id=2163"},"modified":"2026-01-19T16:40:24","modified_gmt":"2026-01-19T15:40:24","slug":"e-tam-durchfuehrung-des-e-tam","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.caregiving-tests.de\/en\/e-tam-durchfuehrung-des-e-tam\/","title":{"rendered":"Implementation of the ETAM"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The Erlangen Test of Activities of Daily Living in Persons with Mild Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment (<strong>ETAM<\/strong>) assesses the relevant domains of living for people with mild dementia or mild cognitive impairment (<strong>MCI<\/strong>). Everyday practical skills are represented by instrumental activities of daily living (<strong>IADL<\/strong>).<\/p>\n<p>Compared with self-assessment and external assessment, conducting the test as a performance test has the great advantage that the test result is not influenced by the various assessment errors that can occur in self-assessment or external assessment. The test result is therefore significantly more valid than the assessment results.<\/p>\n<p>In research, the performance test can be carried out by \u201cblinded\u201d testers, a practice that increases its informative value even further.<\/p>\n<p>The test itself takes <strong>19 minutes<\/strong> to complete. The total time required is approximately 35 minutes. The test has been comprehensively validated.<\/p>\n<div class=\"rrze-elements accordion style_default\" id=\"accordion-0\">\n<div class=\"accordion-group med\">\n<h2 class=\"accordion-heading\"><button class=\"accordion-toggle\" data-toggle=\"collapse\"  href=\"#collapse_0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"collapse_0\" id=\"collapse_button_0\"> Use of the ETAM in Research and Practice <\/button><\/h2>\n<div id=\"collapse_0\" class=\"accordion-body\" aria-labelledby=\"collapse_button_0\">\n<div class=\"accordion-inner clearfix\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">The ETAM can be used both in <strong>practice<\/strong> (to determine ADL abilities) and in <strong>research <\/strong>(particularly in therapy studies). The test results show <strong>good interindividual differentiation<\/strong> in the area of <strong>mild and moderate dementia or MCI<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"rrze-elements accordion style_default\" id=\"accordion-1\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"accordion-group med\">\n<h2 class=\"accordion-heading\"><button class=\"accordion-toggle\" data-toggle=\"collapse\"  href=\"#collapse_1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"collapse_1\" id=\"collapse_button_1\"> How is the test structured? <\/button><\/h2>\n<div id=\"collapse_1\" class=\"accordion-body\" aria-labelledby=\"collapse_button_1\">\n<div class=\"accordion-inner clearfix\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><strong>The test consists of a total of six tasks<\/strong>: (1a) Making tea, (1b) Alarm clock, (2) Pill organizer, (3) Finances, (4) Traffic situations, and (5) Phone calls.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">In the <em>International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health<\/em> (ICF), the WHO describes <strong>five main categories<\/strong> that have been identified as particularly relevant for assessing the independence of people with dementia. There is at least one item per ICF domain. You can find detailed information about the ETAM in the document &#8220;All Information about the ETAM&#8221;. You can register to download the document <a href=\"https:\/\/www.caregiving-tests.de\/?page_id=56&amp;preview=true\">here<\/a>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">The maximum number of points that can be achieved per task is as follows:<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse;width: 100%;height: 192px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px\">\n<td style=\"width: 32.2791%;height: 24px\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><strong>ICF domain<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 41.1748%;height: 24px\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><strong>ETAM item<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.546%;height: 24px\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><strong>Maximal Score<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px\">\n<td style=\"width: 32.2791%;height: 24px\">Domestic Life<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 41.1748%;height: 24px\">(1a) Making tea<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.546%;height: 24px\">3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px\">\n<td style=\"width: 32.2791%;height: 24px\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 41.1748%;height: 24px\">(1b) Alarm clock<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.546%;height: 24px\">3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px\">\n<td style=\"width: 32.2791%;height: 24px\">Self-care<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 41.1748%;height: 24px\">(2) Pill organizer<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.546%;height: 24px\">6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 48px\">\n<td style=\"width: 32.2791%;height: 48px\">Major life areas &#8211; economic life<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 41.1748%;height: 48px\">(3) Finances<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.546%;height: 48px\">6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px\">\n<td style=\"width: 32.2791%;height: 24px\">Mobility<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 41.1748%;height: 24px\">(4) Traffic situations<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.546%;height: 24px\">6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px\">\n<td style=\"width: 32.2791%;height: 24px\">Communication<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 41.1748%;height: 24px\">(5) Phone calls<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.546%;height: 24px\">6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"rrze-elements accordion style_default\" id=\"accordion-2\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"accordion-group med\">\n<h2 class=\"accordion-heading\"><button class=\"accordion-toggle\" data-toggle=\"collapse\"  href=\"#collapse_2\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"collapse_2\" id=\"collapse_button_2\"> Required Materials <\/button><\/h2>\n<div id=\"collapse_2\" class=\"accordion-body\" aria-labelledby=\"collapse_button_2\">\n<div class=\"accordion-inner clearfix\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><strong>Note: <\/strong>Due to <strong>regional characteristics<\/strong>, it may be necessary to adapt a specific item to local customs.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">A detailed list of materials can be downloaded <a href=\"https:\/\/www.caregiving-tests.de\/en\/download\/\">here<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><strong>Task 1a: Making tea. <\/strong>There is a cup, a kettle, and various types of tea on the table. The person being tested is asked to make a cup of tea using the type of tea of their choice.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><strong>Task 1b: Alarm clock. <\/strong>This requires an analog alarm clock with a rotary knob on the back.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><strong>Task 2:<\/strong> <strong>Pill organizer.<\/strong>There is a medicine box and three packages of medication on the table.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Task 3:<\/strong> <strong>Finances.<\/strong> There are three advertising brochures and a pile of coins on the table. A ballpoint pen and a blank sheet of paper are also provided.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><strong>Task 4:<\/strong> <strong>Traffic situations.<\/strong> The person being tested is shown six pictures depicting different traffic situations. Each of these pictures has a question that the person must answer and justify their answer.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><strong>Task 5:<\/strong> <strong>Phone calls.<\/strong> A portable, senior-friendly telephone with a red hang-up button and a green answer button and an accompanying SIM card with sufficient credit are available. In addition, a pen, a blank sheet of paper, and a sheet with telephone numbers are on the table. There is a recorded message (on the portable telephone) from an actual existing number.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"rrze-elements accordion style_default\" id=\"accordion-3\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"accordion-group med\">\n<h2 class=\"accordion-heading\"><button class=\"accordion-toggle\" data-toggle=\"collapse\"  href=\"#collapse_3\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"collapse_3\" id=\"collapse_button_3\"> What do test administrators need to pay attention to? <\/button><\/h2>\n<div id=\"collapse_3\" class=\"accordion-body\" aria-labelledby=\"collapse_button_3\">\n<div class=\"accordion-inner clearfix\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><strong>Prerequisites<\/strong> for the feasibility of the test are:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">Existing vision and hearing abilities, supported by reading glasses or a hearing aid if necessary<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">There must be no weakness or movement disorder in the \u201cwriting hand.\u201d<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><strong>Test environment:<\/strong> The test should be conducted in a quiet room with good lighting. The test materials are placed on a table and should be easily accessible to the person being tested. Objects that could distract the person being tested should be removed or placed in the room in such a way that they do not interfere with the test.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><strong>Test procedure:<\/strong> The instructions are presented to the test subject in written form. The task is then evaluated as soon as a clear answer or execution of the task has been given. If the test subject fails to complete the task even after the third request to do so, the task is terminated, and 0 points are awarded.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><strong>Test evaluation:<\/strong> The maximum number of points is awarded for flawless execution. <strong>The higher the score achieved (0-30), the better the individual&#8217;s ability to cope with everyday life.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">Detailed instructions for implementation and evaluation can be downloaded <a href=\"https:\/\/www.caregiving-tests.de\/download\/\">here<\/a> free of charge.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"rrze-elements accordion style_default\" id=\"accordion-4\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"accordion-group med\">\n<h2 class=\"accordion-heading\"><button class=\"accordion-toggle\" data-toggle=\"collapse\"  href=\"#collapse_4\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"collapse_4\" id=\"collapse_button_4\"> Literature <\/button><\/h2>\n<div id=\"collapse_4\" class=\"accordion-body\" aria-labelledby=\"collapse_button_4\">\n<div class=\"accordion-inner clearfix\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">Book, S., Luttenberger, K., Stemmler, M., Meyer, S., &amp; Graessel, E. (2018). The Erlangen test of activities of daily living in persons with mild dementia or mild cognitive impairment (ETAM)\u2013an extended validation. <em>BMC Psychiatry, 18,<\/em> 1-12.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">Luttenberger, K., Reppermund, S., Schmiedeberg-Sohn, A., Book, S., &amp; Graessel, E. (2016). Validation of the Erlangen test of activities of daily living in persons with mild dementia or mild cognitive impairment (ETAM). <em>BMC Geriatrics, 16,<\/em> 1-12.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">Schmiedeberg-Sohn, A., Graessel, E., &amp; Luttenberger, K. (2015). A direct performance test for assessing activities of daily living in patients with Mild Degenerative Dementia: the Development of the ETAM and preliminary results.\u00a0<i>Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra<\/i>,\u00a0<i>5<\/i>(1), 74-84.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"rrze-elements accordion style_default\" id=\"accordion-5\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"accordion-group med\">\n<h2 class=\"accordion-heading\"><button class=\"accordion-toggle\" data-toggle=\"collapse\"  href=\"#collapse_5\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"collapse_5\" id=\"collapse_button_5\"> Download <\/button><\/h2>\n<div id=\"collapse_5\" class=\"accordion-body\" aria-labelledby=\"collapse_button_5\">\n<div class=\"accordion-inner clearfix\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">You can register to download the test\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.caregiving-tests.de\/?page_id=56&amp;preview=true\">here<\/a>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\"><strong>!<\/strong>\u00a0<\/span>Those responsible for this website guarantee that all information provided during registration will be treated confidentially, in particular that it will not be passed on to third parties.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">Downloading is permitted <strong>only for non-commercial use<\/strong>, which means specifically that<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><strong>no immediate (direct) costs<\/strong> are incurred by the person being tested (billing as a health insurance benefit by third parties, e.g., doctors, is possible) and<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">the ETAM is <strong>not resold to third parties in any form<\/strong> as part of a larger test battery (e.g., as part of a larger, fee-based assessment instrument).<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">Erlangen Test of Activities of Daily Living in Persons with Mild Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment (ETAM); Activities of Daily Living (ADL); Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL); Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI)<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Erlangen Test of Activities of Daily Living in Persons with Mild Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment (ETAM) assesses the relevant domains of living for people with mild dementia or&hellip;<!--&hellip;--> <a class=\"more-link fa fa-angle-double-right\" href=\"https:\/\/www.caregiving-tests.de\/en\/e-tam-durchfuehrung-des-e-tam\/\" title=\"Read more about &quot;Implementation of the ETAM&quot;\"><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5160,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_rrze_cache":"enabled","_rrze_multilang_single_locale":"en_GB","_rrze_multilang_single_source":"https:\/\/www.caregiving-tests.de\/?page_id=1381","footnotes":""},"page_category":[14],"page_tag":[],"class_list":["post-2163","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","page_category-e-tam","en-GB"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.caregiving-tests.de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2163","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.caregiving-tests.de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.caregiving-tests.de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.caregiving-tests.de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5160"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.caregiving-tests.de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2163"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/www.caregiving-tests.de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2163\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2835,"href":"https:\/\/www.caregiving-tests.de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2163\/revisions\/2835"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.caregiving-tests.de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2163"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"page_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.caregiving-tests.de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/page_category?post=2163"},{"taxonomy":"page_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.caregiving-tests.de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/page_tag?post=2163"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}